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Food and kitchen knowledge

Handwashing and personal hygiene

Why hygiene matters around food, and what official guidance for food handlers covers.

Theory and discussion only · Community education, not accredited training

How our courses work

Learning outcomes

By the end, participants should be able to:

  • Explain why hand hygiene matters when food is prepared for others.
  • Identify the situations that official guidance links to handwashing.
  • Describe what official guidance says about food handlers who are unwell.

The lesson

Clean hands are one of the simplest ways to keep food safe. This course looks at what official guidance says about hygiene when food is prepared for other people.

01

Why hygiene matters around food

Safe Food Victoria explains that bacteria which cause food poisoning can be on anyone, even people who are healthy. They can pass to food when we touch our nose, mouth, hair or clothes, and then touch food.

Good hygiene breaks that chain. The Food Safety Information Council adds that washing hands properly may also mean fewer colds and flu.

Source:Safe Food Victoria — Personal hygiene for food handlers (opens in a new tab)Food Safety Information Council — Food safety tips (opens in a new tab)

02

When official guidance calls for handwashing

Official guidance lists the moments when hands should be washed. FSANZ, Safe Food Victoria and the Food Safety Information Council give similar lists.

Guidance also explains how: soap and warm running water, scrubbing palms, backs of hands, wrists, between fingers and under nails, then drying well. FSANZ says to scrub for at least 15 seconds. The Food Safety Information Council suggests 20 seconds to wash and 20 seconds to dry. Safe Food Victoria says never to dry hands on a tea towel or clothes.

  • Before starting to handle food, and when coming back to it
  • Between handling raw food and ready-to-eat food
  • After using the toilet, or helping a child with toileting or nappies
  • After coughing, sneezing, blowing your nose, eating, drinking or smoking
  • After touching hair, nose or mouth, handling rubbish or animals, or cleaning

Source:Food Standards Australia New Zealand — Health and hygiene – advice for food handlers (opens in a new tab)Safe Food Victoria — Personal hygiene for food handlers (opens in a new tab)Food Safety Information Council — Food safety tips (opens in a new tab)

03

Personal hygiene in food settings

Hygiene is more than clean hands. Guidance for food handlers also covers clothing, hair, nails, jewellery and cuts, because each can bring germs or objects into contact with food.

Gloves can help, but they don’t replace handwashing. Safe Food Victoria says to wash and dry hands before putting gloves on, and to change gloves at the times you would otherwise wash your hands.

  • Clean clothes and an apron; long hair tied back or covered
  • Short nails, no nail polish, and plain rings or sleeper earrings only
  • Cuts fully covered, ideally with a brightly coloured waterproof bandage
  • Tongs or gloves, not bare hands, for ready-to-eat food
  • Phones and personal items kept away from food areas

Source:Food Standards Australia New Zealand — Health and hygiene – advice for food handlers (opens in a new tab)Safe Food Victoria — Personal hygiene for food handlers (opens in a new tab)

04

Illness and handling food

Some illnesses can spread through food, such as gastro and hepatitis A. Food handlers who are unwell can contaminate the food they touch.

According to FSANZ, someone who has had a foodborne illness shouldn’t return to handling food until a doctor clears them — usually two days (48 hours) after their symptoms have gone. At home, the Food Safety Information Council’s advice is simple: if you’re sick, let someone else do the cooking.

  • Tell your supervisor if you feel unwell, even with a cold or eye infection
  • Don’t handle food while you have vomiting, diarrhoea or fever
  • Safe Food Victoria: return only after symptoms have stopped for 48 hours
  • If unsure, ask a doctor for advice

Source:Food Standards Australia New Zealand — Health and hygiene – advice for food handlers (opens in a new tab)Safe Food Victoria — Personal hygiene for food handlers (opens in a new tab)Food Safety Information Council — Food safety tips (opens in a new tab)

05

Hygiene expectations for food handlers in Victoria

Victorian food handlers work under Australia’s food safety standards. Safe Food Victoria explains that Standard 3.2.2 requires people who handle food to have the right skills and knowledge for the work they do.

Safe Food Victoria encourages everyone working with food to train in safe food handling, and suggests its free online program, DoFoodSafely, as a good place to start. Its food safety posters are also available in community languages. This course is an introduction only and doesn’t replace that training.

  • Knowing how to find and follow workplace food safety information
  • Knowing how to spot and fix, or report, unsafe practices
  • Knowing who to report food safety problems to
  • Knowing their own health and hygiene responsibilities

Source:Safe Food Victoria — Personal hygiene for food handlers (opens in a new tab)

Key takeaways

  1. 01

    Germs that cause food poisoning can be on anyone, even people who feel well.

  2. 02

    Official guidance lists clear moments to wash hands, including between raw and ready-to-eat food.

  3. 03

    Anyone with vomiting or diarrhoea shouldn’t handle food until 48 hours after symptoms stop.

Talk it over

  • Which handwashing moments are easiest to forget in a busy kitchen?
  • Why might someone keep working with food when they feel unwell? How could a group make it easier to speak up?
  • How do hygiene customs around food differ between the cultures you know?
  • Why do you think gloves don’t replace handwashing?

Reflect

  • Which piece of hygiene guidance was new to you, or surprised you?
  • Think of a time you shared food with others. What hygiene habits did you notice?

Further reading